Flying
Domestic flights are the only sane way to cover the big distances: Toronto to Vancouver is five hours by air. Air Canada and WestJet are the main carriers, with Porter strong in the east.
Book ahead for the north: flights to Iqaluit, Yellowknife and Whitehorse are expensive and limited.
Driving
The Trans-Canada Highway runs 7,800 km from St. John's to Victoria. Distances between cities are long: Toronto to Montreal is 5.5 hours, Calgary to Vancouver 10.
Winter driving needs winter tires (mandatory in Quebec, December to March) and respect for conditions. Rental cars are widely available; book ahead in Banff in summer.
Trains and buses
VIA Rail's corridor trains link Quebec City, Montreal, Ottawa, Toronto and Windsor comfortably. The Canadian runs Toronto to Vancouver over four days: a classic rail journey.
Intercity buses (FlixBus, Megabus, regional lines) cover the corridors more cheaply. In the Rockies, Brewster Express and Roam Transit serve Banff and Lake Louise.