The two languages
Canada is officially bilingual. In Quebec, greet in French first (bonjour) and switch to English if needed; assuming English in small-town Quebec reads as rude.
Outside Quebec, English dominates, but French services are a right: signs, packaging and federal services are bilingual everywhere.
Tipping and politeness
Tip 15-20 percent in restaurants, 15 percent at bars, a few dollars for hotel housekeeping. Taxes are not included in menu prices, so the bill surprises first-timers.
Canadians queue, hold doors, and say sorry a lot. Littering and loud phone calls in quiet places draw real disapproval.
Indigenous respect
Much of Canada is on Indigenous territory. Land acknowledgements open many public events; treat them as a real statement, not ceremony.
In the north and in Indigenous communities, ask before photographing people, and buy art from the artists or their cooperatives, not from souvenir copies.